Physical Science, Test 2
1. A box weighing 50N is picked up from the ground and placed on a shelf. What additional information do you need to calculate how much work was done to move the object?
a) The mass of the box.
b) The distance it was moved.
c) The time it took to move the box.
d) The velocity at which it moved.
2. According to Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation, the force that is formed between two masses is __________ proportional to the product of their masses and ________________ proportional to the square of the distance between them.
a) inversely, directly
b) inversely, inversely
c) directly, inversely
d) directly, directly
3. Which answer best describes the properties of a solid?
a) not rigid, no fixed shape, no fixed volume
b) rigid, fixed shape, fixed volume
c) not rigid, no fixed shape, fixed volume
4. Which answer best describes the properties of a liquid?
a) not rigid, no fixed shape, no fixed volume
b) rigid, fixed shape, fixed volume
c) not rigid, no fixed shape, fixed volume
5. When ice melts, latent heat is __________ which __________ molecular kinetic energy and __________ hydrogen bonds.
a) released, decreases, makes
b) absorbed, increases, makes
c) released, increases, breaks
d) absorbed, increases, breaks
6. If you have a metal pot on the stove and the handle becomes too hot to touch, the thermal energy in that handle likely got there through __________.
a) conduction
b) convection
c) radiation
7. Which of the following cannot happen, according to the Law of Convection of Energy?
a) The transformation of energy.
b) The transfer of energy.
c) The destruction of energy.
8. What is the property of a system that enables it to work?
a) inertia
b) energy
c) momentum
d) gravity
9. What do we call a quantity that indicates how warm or how cold something is relative to the standard?
a) temperature
b) heat
c) thermal energy
d) thermodynamics
10. What is the measurement of the average kinetic energy of the molecules that make up a substance?
a) temperature
b) heat
c) thermal energy
d) thermodynamics
11. Short Answer A basketball is released at a point exactly halfway between the moon and the earth. Draw the moon, earth and basketball and indicate the forces on the ball, using vectors. Explain your drawing using Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation.
12. Label each of the following as an energy transfer or energy transformation.
a) An ice cube melting slowly at room temperature. ____________
b) Your car burning gas to power the engine and make the wheels turn. ____________
c) A diver leaping off a cliff and starting to fall to the water. ____________
13. Short Answer Explain what specific heat capacity is. Use an example from everyday life to show that different materials have different specific heat capacities.
14. Short Answer You're using spray paint to paint a fence. You decide to paint the front holding the can one meter from the fence, and to paint the back, you hold the can two meters from the fence. How will the thickness of the paint on the two sides of the fence compare? Be as specific as possible. What type of law enabled you to find the answer?
15. Short Answer A vase resting on a high school has a potential energy of 40 J. Your cat knocks the vase off the shelf, and it falls to the ground. How much potential energy does the vase have when it is halfway to the ground?
16. Paragraph Answer Your aunt is staying for the weekend and complains every morning that the tile floor in the bathroom is so much colder than the wood floor in the hallway. Explain why she is technically wrong, being sure to discuss the Second Law of Thermodynamics and include the terms thermal equilibrium and conduction in your answer.
17. Paragraph Answer If you need to stop an out of control car, and want to live to tell the tale, do you run into a brick wall or a haystack? Include at least one equation and the terms impulse and momentum in your answer.
18. Paragraph Answer As one of our demonstrations, we made a cloud in a bottle. Explain the physics behind the demonstration.
19. Paragraph Answer If you have two objects and you want to increase their gravitational attraction, what two properties could you alter, and how?
Answers:
1. b
2. c
3. b
4. c
5. d
6. a
7. c
8. b
9. a
10. a
11.
12. transfer, transformation, transformation
13.
14.
15. 20, halfway; 0, full way
16.
17.
18.
19.
Grading: 2 points for each multiple choice, 6 points for questions 11 and 12, 8 points for questions 13, 14 and 15, 12 points for questions 16 and 17, 14 points for question 18 and 6 points for question 19.
Source: The questions come from reading Conceptual Physics.
