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Home School Life Journal ........... Ceramics by Katie Bergenholtz
"Let us strive to make each moment beautiful."
Saint Francis DeSales

Showing posts with label Electricity/ Magnetism. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Electricity/ Magnetism. Show all posts

Green Science's Enviro-Battery Kit: A Review

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In order to complete some electricity-battery experiments that I wanted to do with our study of Benjamin Franklin, I needed some supplies such as zinc and copper plates, a LCD watch, sound chip and a light bulb set-up. I priced the individual components and it was beginning to get more pricey than I wanted it to be. I then stumbled upon this Enviro-Battery science kit by Green Science. I normally don't purchase kits because I have found that they often provide little for their high price tags, but this kit seemed to have everything I wanted in it, and the price was reasonable (around $11, which was considerably less than the components cost if bought separately.)

Before starting in on the experiments, I reviewed with the boys from Real Science-4-Kids' Physics book how the electrons move and why copper and zinc plates are used in the demonstrations.
My original plan was to make a lemon battery, but the kit featured potatoes instead (although it says in their booklet that you can use lemons or apples.) The boys were more interested in using potatoes, and since we had them on hand, that is what we used. The instructions in the booklet were easy to follow and pretty fool-proof.
 The end of the negative (black) wire attached to the LCD watch is threaded through the hole in one of the zinc plates and the end of the positive (red) wire attached to the LCD watch is threaded through the hole in one of the copper plates. Each plate is then inserted into a different potato. A second set of copper and zinc plates are connected to a separate wire, forming a "connection pair." These plates are then inserted into the potatoes, the zinc plate side going into the potato that has the copper plate in it from the watch, and the copper plate going into the potato that has the zinc plate in it from the watch.
Once these are inserted, the potatoes power the watch.
 We also made a water battery that powered a small light. I was pleased with the caps included in the kit which fit over regular water bottles and made inserting the plates into the bottles without the plates touching much easier. If the plates touch, it will cause a short circuit and the LED bulb will not  light up.
We initially had a little trouble getting the bulb to light. but then we remembered that water batteries do not work with distilled water because the battery needs the minerals in the water. We remedied the problem by adding about a tablespoon of vinegar to each of the bottles, which is suggested in the booklet as a way to experiment further with the kit. ("Try adding some vinegar to the solution. Does this make the LED brighter?") I must tell you, however, that the lamp provided in the kit is so small that it is hard to tell at first that the bulb is lit, one of the less-than-perfect aspects of the kit.
 We also made a lemon battery to power a sound chip that came with the kit. The sound chip cannot be heard, however, unless it is put against your ear. This may be a plus for those not too wild about electronic sounds, however. The sound could be amplified with the aid of a paper cup (included in the kit), which was a great introduction to a sound unit.
For James' "final exam" to see if he understood how to put a battery together, had to construct one out of an apple, and he was able to do so without any help from me.
The kit's booklet also suggests making batteries from mud, and using paper clips and forks as electrodes, and the booklet suggests experimentation by mixing the different concepts. 
All-in-all, I was very pleased with the kit and feel that the components will last quite a while for electricity experimentation for the boys. Alex also received the Weather Station from Green Science for Christmas and from what I can see, it looks to be as good as the Enviro-battery kit, but we are waiting for spring to crack it open as it has a "greenhouse effect" demonstration terrarium as the base for the weather station. If you are looking for low-cost materials for science experimentation, these kits might just be what you are looking for.
Disclaimer: I did not receive any compensation for this review. All opinions expressed are mine. I just liked this product and thought I would share it with you. I am disclosing this in accordance with the FTC regulations.

Electromagnets and Motors (Making an Electromagnet)




If you take a nail and wrap a wire around it many times (at least 25),
and then attach the ends of the wire to a battery (you will need a 6 volt), the nail will turn into a magnet...an electromagnet to be precise. This is such a simple and yet very fun science exploration to do.
For more fun with electromagnets, click here.
























You can demonstrate how a one magnet can turn another and this motion can turn a motor. Inside a motor the magnets turn like this many times a second.

More about electricity and magnetism at Layers of Learning.

More Experiments with Electricity...Switches and Short Circuits

Remember last week we made simple circuits?
If you add a place where a wire can swing to open and close the circuit... and you have a switch...


which works on the same principle as the light and other switches throughout your house.


Another interesting thing to look at is how electricity always seeks the shortest route to take...
and sometimes it takes it when we don't want it to.
That is when you will most often hear the term "short circuit."

Circuits...Parallel and Series Made Simple

Using a few battery holders, batteries, some wire, some bulb holders and some bulbs, you can carry out many electricity experiments. If you hook up two bulbs to one battery holder in one circle...
the lights glow very dimly. This is called a series circuit.


Hook two bulbs together with two wires to form a circle. Connect one end of one battery to the left side of one bulb and connect the other end of the battery to the right side of the battery. Each of the bulbs will glow as brightly as one alone would, but they use up the battery twice as fast. This is called a parallel circuit.


If you have two batteries in series connected to one bulb, you will blow the bulb out, which is why I don't have a picture of that, but if you add two bulbs to the two batteries in series, the two bulbs will light brightly without blowing out.

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Physical Science for K-8

Here is my Physics/Physical Science lesson plans for a twice a week science course for those of you interested in seeing/using them. I used the GEMS guide: Earth, Moon and Stars , The Handbook of Nature Study (click on the link for a free download) and I used a simple machines kit. You could put together your own simple machines kit, however, by purchasing some pulleys and a balance that you can adjust. At the end of the year, there is scheduled a quick run through Exploring Creation with Astronomy by Jeannie Fulbright, but for younger children, you might want to go through it casually throughout the year, taking about two weeks per chapter. I also used Real Science-4-Kids Physics Pre-Level I and Level I including their experiments. -Phyllis

Week 1 : Simple Machines
*Begin Simple Machines: Levers
*Simple Machines: Pulley
Week 2: Simple Machines
*Simple Machines: Inclined Plane and Wedge
*Simple Machines: Screw
Week 3: Simple Machines
* Simple Machines: Wheel
Week 4: Our Earth
*Earth, Moon and Stars, Activity 1: Ancient Models of the Earth
*Earth Moon and Stars, Activity 2: The Earth's Shape and Gravity
Week 5: Earth
*Pangaea Puzzle (Copy a map of the world and have them cut out the continents and then put them together like a puzzle. We glued ours as it fit together to a piece of paper.) or, you could do a cookie project found at Almost Unschoolers.
*Layers of the Earth Desert
Week 7: Earth Science
*Begin Fossils: Fossils Uncovered
*Volcanoes: Make a 3-D Volcano Book, which shows a mountain on the outside and the parts of a volcano on the inside

Week 8: Earth Science
*The Force of Volcanoes (We used a kit for our models, but one could be made out of clay or you could just experiment with the baking soda and vinegar in a bottle, if you don't care if it doesn't look like a volcano. The point is to talk about the force and pressure within a volcano that makes the lava spew forth. We also had fun with Mentos and Diet Coke/Pepsi to demonstrate pressure and force.
*Fossil Collection
Week 11: Fossils/Earth Science
*Fossil Footprints
*Limestone Cave & Moon Craters
Week 11: Rocks and Minerals
*Sedimentary Rocks-How Sedimentary Rocks Are Made
*Metamorphic Rocks: Metamorphic Bars
Week 12: Rocks and Minerals
*Metamorphic Rock Collection
*Igneous Rock: Volcanoes and How Igneous Rocks Are Made Pop-Up Books
Week 13: Minerals and Crystals
*Testing Minerals: Scratch Test, Streak Test, Magnetic?, Acid Test
* Begin Crystals: Crystal Shapes

Week 14: Crystals
* Color pictures of Gems and Crystals to match the Crystal Shapes
* Growing Crystals
Week 15-17 Magnets
*Minerals vs. Rocks: Granola
*Follow the section on magnets in the Handbook of Nature Study , taking one section of questions each day.

Week 18: Light
*Introduce the concept of light energy.
*When light hits an object, three things can happen: it can pass through, it can bounce off or it can be absorbed. Introduce the terms opaque, translucent and transparent. Talk about how light travels and make a pin-hole camera.
Week 20: Bending Light
*Introduce the terms reflection and refraction. Reflection occurs when light waves bounce off an object and refraction occurs when light waves bend. Show them reflection in a mirror and a flashlight and refraction by placing a butter knife in a glass of water. What other times have you see refraction (in a swimming pool?) For older children you can discuss angle of incidence. When light hits a mirror at an angle, the wave will be reflected in the opposite direction but at an equal angle. You can use a mirror, flashlight and protractor to demonstrate this.
*Look at a periscope or make one if you do not have one. Have your students sketch it and show the path of light.
Week 21: Light & Color
*Use a prism to refract light and project the visible spectrum of colors. Glass is more dense than air, so the light bends as it passes through the prism. Each of the colors in the spectrum bends a different amount so you can see the different colors.
*Use poster board to make a color wheel. Set a compass at a radius of 2 inches. Draw a circle on the poster board and mark a point on the circle. Keep the compass setting the same. Draw six arcs around the circle. Make a point where each arc crosses the circle. Next draw lines from each point to the center of the circle. Carefully color each section a different color in this order: red, orange, yellow, green, blue and violet. Cut out the circle and carefully press a nail or screw through the center. Place the nail in a bit holder of a small hand drill. Lock it tightly in place. Let the drill turn fast and watch the color wheel. What happens?
Week 22: Light and Color
*Explain how colors are seen. The colors we see are the wavelengths of light that are reflected off an object. Explain that when light hits something, all wavelengths of the light are absorbed except the one which is the color we see. The reflection of the color we see identify the object as being the particular color.
*Demonstrate the spectrum of light on soap bubbles.
Week 23: Color, Sight & Light
*Demonstrate the separation of colors or chromatography. Use a water-soluble black marker to make a large black dot on a coffee filter. Using a dropper add drops of water to the black dot and observe the changes for a few minutes. The colors that emerge were part of the black pigment and and now beginning to separate out. Note the order the colors emerge. Is this order similar to the color spectrum order?
*Draw and label a diagram of the eye or make a paper model.
Week 24: Light & Sound
*Explain the difference between incandescent light and fluorescent light. The incandescent light is produced by heat. Fluorescent light is produced when ultraviolet rays strike phosphors inside the bulb. The fluorescent tube is filled with phosphors, chemicals which glow when ultraviolet radiation is present
*Vibration must be present if a sound is heard. Have your students touch their throat while speaking or humming. Have them whisper, talk normally and then shout. What is the difference in vibrations?
Week 25: Sound
*wavelength-demonstrate using a long rope. Have a student hold one end of the rope and you take the other end and raise your arm up and then bring it down, creating a wave. Have your students then put the rope on the table in a wave. Have them sketch the wave. Have them add terms such as crest,
trough, wavelength and amplitude to the sketch.
Week 26: Sound
* Teach terms such as frequency, pitch, decibel.
*show how to make sound vibrations with a glass and water.
Week 27: Sound
*sound waves travel at different speeds through different mediums
*Just as light may reflect, so does sound. Discuss acoustics.
Weeks 28 & 29: Sound
*make musical instruments: violin, stringed instruments
*Difference in time between light and sound. Calculate how far away a thunderstorm is by the time elapsed between the lightening and thunder. (Count the seconds difference and divide by 5.)
Week 30: Electricity
Week 31: Electricity
* make an electromagnet

Weeks 32: Weather
Week 33: Weather
Week 34: Weather/Astronomy
Week 35: Astronomy
Week 36: Astronomy
Week 37: Astronomy
*Saturn
*Uranus/Neptune
Week 38: Astronomy
*Pluto and Kuiper
*Stars and Galaxies/The Two Dippers
Week 39: Astronomy/The Moon, Stars & Consetllations
Week 40: Comets, Asteroids and Meteors, Space Travel

Nature Study Lesson 219: The Magnet or Why I Love The Handbook of Nature Study

Magnets might not be a subject you would think would be covered in The Handbook of Nature Study, but it does. I love using this book because it is not like a textbook or a unit study in which the teacher lectures, but gives questions for investigation. I will share some of them with you, which I have modified slightly to fit what things I had around the house now, but there are more wonderful questions to find in the book. Remember though that the book should not "be read to the pupils. It is given as assistance to the teacher, and is not meant for direct information to the pupils. If the teacher knows a fact in nature's realm, she is then in a position to lead her pupils to discover the facts for themselves. Make the lesson an investigation and make the pupils feel that they are investigators. To tell (the lesson) to begin with inevitably spoils the attitude and quenches interest." -Handbook of Nature Study, page 23.
How do we know that an object is a magnet?
Of what substance are the objects which the magnet can pick up?
How far away from a needle must one end of the magnet be before the needle leaps toward it? Does it make any difference in this respect, if the magnet approaches the needle toward the point or along its length?
How many paperclips will the magnet hold?
Bring the ends of two bar magnets together; do they hold fast to each other? Change ends with one; now do the two magnets cling more or less closely than before? Does this show that the forces in the two ends of a magnet are different in character?
Magnetize a paperclip... Does the paperclip thus treated pick up metal objects? Why?
Does a magnet pick up as many iron filings at its middle or at its ends? What does this show? Place iron filings on stiff paper. Pass a magnet underneath; what forms do the filings assume? Do they make a picture of the direction of the lines of force which come from the magnet?
(Some of these discoveries are also outlined in Real Science 4 Kids, Physics, Pre-Level I, Experiment 8: Magnet Poles)