
This is a review for students who have taken human biology or studied the basics of human physiology.
Describe the primary areas of the body.
- Extremities- arms and legs
- Thorax-chest area
- Abdomen- area below the chest, the stomach area, including the diaphragm
- Pelvis-area below the abdomen, including the hip
- Spine-the back and neck, from the base of the brain to the tailbone
List the 10 body systems and explain a key function of each.
- Respiratory-provides oxygen and removes carbon dioxide
- Cardiovascular-moves blood throughout the body
- Nervous- controls movement, body functions and sensory perception, consciousness
- Musculoskeletal- gives the body shape and strength. Makes movement possible.
- Integumentary-skin and related structures
- Gastrointestinal-Extracts nutrients from food, eliminates wastes.
- Immune-helps fight disease.
- Endocrine- produces hormones that regulate body functions
- Urinary-removes liquid wastes from the body
- Reproductive- makes reproduction possible
For each body system, describe at least one injury or illness that affects the functioning of that system.
- Respiratory-airway obstruction, choking
- Cardiovascular-stroke, arrhythmia, myocardial infarction
- Nervous- altered mental status, paralysis
- Musculoskeletal- fracture, dislocation, sprain
- Integumentary-frostbite, burns
- Gastrointestinal-vomiting and diarrhea from illnesses or conditions
- Immune-HIV, wound infections
- Endocrine- diabetes
- Urinary-injury to the bladder or kidneys signaled by blood in urine, dehydration
- Reproductive- injury to reproductive organs, childbirth (not an injury or illness, but is something that one may need to use first aid techniques to assist with)
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